Train Technical English

Master English articles – ViCTE Newsletter Number 38 / April 2012

Exercise 1  Put a definite or an indefinite or 0 article: 

1. In the field of 0 information retrieval on the web PageRank has emerged as the primary hyperlink analysis algorithm.
2. But how it works still remains an obscurity to many in the SEO online community.
3. According to the rules about passing rank each page passes a part of its PageRank to other pages.
4. The resulting PageRanks are depicted in the following table below.
5. In practice it is necessary to do identical operations 50 to 100 times to guarantee the sufficient accuracy of the iterations.
6. In the first run of the calculations, Page C increases PageRank of Page A.
7. In the next run Page C gets itself an increase in PageRank that is proportional to the new improved PageRank of Page A.
8. When looking for links to your site, from a purely PageRank point of view, the pages with the highest Toolbar PageRank seem to be the best solution.
9. Maybe the best solution is getting links from sites that seem appropriate and have 0 good quality, regardless of their current PageRank.
10. Control of 0 feedback by using the internal pages of your site, is much easier than  0 control with the help of links to external pages.

  Exercise 2  Build sententences putting the words below into correct word order:

1. In the field of information retrieval on the web, PageRank has emerged as the primary hyperlink analysis algorithm.
2. But how it works still remains an obscurity to many in the SEO online community.
3. According to the rules about passing rank each page passes a part of its PageRank to other pages.
4. In practice it is necessary to do identical operations 50 to 100 times to guarantee the sufficient accuracy of the iterations.
5. In the first run of the calculations, Page C increases PageRank of Page A.
6. In the next run Page C gets itself an increase in PageRank that is proportional to the new improved PageRank of Page A.
7. Maybe the best solution is getting links from sites that seem appropriate and have good quality, regardless of their current PageRank.

   Exercise 3  Build sentences from the given words below

1. In the field of information retrieval on the web, PageRank has emerged as the primary hyperlink analysis algorithm.
2. But how it works still remains an obscurity to many in the SEO online community.
3. According to the rules about passing rank each page passes a part of its PageRank to other pages.
4. In practice it is necessary to do identical operations 50 to 100 times to guarantee the sufficient accuracy of the iterations.
5. In the first run of the calculations Page C increases PageRank of Page A.
6. In the next run Page C gets itself an increase in PageRank that is proportional to the new improved PageRank of Page A.
7. Maybe the best solution is getting links from sites that seem appropriate and have good quality, regardless of their current PageRank.

Build sentences afresh – ViCTE Newsletter Number 37 / March 2012¨

Exercise 1  Build sentences based on the given words:

1. PageRank was developed by Larry Page and Sergey Brin at the Stanford University.     Orig: PageRank / developed / Larry Page and Sergey Brin /StanfordUniversity.
2. The PageRank process has been patented and assigned to the Stanford University, not to Google.     Orig: The PageRank process / been patented / assigned /Stanford University, not / Google.
3. Does Google have exclusive license rights on this patent from the university?     Orig: Google / have /exclusive license rights / patent / university?
4. The university received 1.8 million shares of Google in exchange for use of the patent.     Orig: The university / receive / 1.8 million shares / Google in exchange / use / patent.
5. The first paper about the project, describing PageRank was published in 1998.   Orig: The first paper / project, describing PageRank / published / 1998.
6. There is some basic information, which is needed to know for understanding PageRank.     Orig: There / some basic information / needed to know / understanding PageRank.    
7. Does every unique page of a site that is indexed in Google have its own PageRank?     Orig: every unique page / site that /indexed / Google / have /own PageRank?
8. In the following text the term “actual PageRank”  is employed to deal with the actual PageRank value stored by Google.     Orig: In the following text / “actual PageRank” / employed / deal / actual PageRank value / store / Google.
9. Does the term “Toolbar PageRank” concern the evaluation of the value that you see on the Google Toolbar?     Orig: the term “Toolbar PageRank” / concern / the evaluation / value / you see / Google Toolbar?
10. PageRank calculations by means of its first model are easier to compute because the total number of web pages is disregarded.       Orig: PageRank calculations / its first model / easier / compute / the total number /web pages /disregarded.

 Exercise 2  Read the technical text below and match headings of paragraphs to a text of an appropriate paragraph:

1. (Social Signals) –  C;    2.( Author Authority)  –  A;    3 (Brand Awareness) – B.

Simple tenses – ViCTE Newsletter Number 36 / January 2012

 Exercise 1  Put verbs in brackets at the end of each sentence into correct tense:

1. Search Engine Optimisation (SEO) aims to maximize profitable traffic from search engines to websites.  (to aim)
2. Graduate students at Stanford University, Larry Page and Sergey Brin, developed a mathematical algorithm for a search engine to rate the prominence of web pages.  (to develop)
3. PageRank estimates the likelihood that a given page will be reached by a web user who randomly surfs the web.  (to estimate, to surf)
4. Page and Brin founded Google using the developed algorithm for searching in 1998.   (to found)
5. Google attracted immediately the growing number of Internet users due to its simple design.   (to attract)
6. Many sites focused on exchanging, buying, and selling links, often on a massive scale.    (to focus)
7. In 2007, Google announced a campaign against paid links that transfer PageRank.   (to annonce)
8. Adding relevant keywords to a web page meta data tends to increase traffic to the page.   (to tend)

 Exercise 2  Make questions beginning with given expressions in bold:

1. The success and popularity of a search engine is determined by its ability to produce the most relevant results to any given search. WHAT is the success and popularity of a search engine determined BY?
2. Search engines with more complex ranking algorithms, taking into account additional factors have been evolved.          WHAT ALGORITHM have search engines been evolved WITH?
3. The number calculated by the algorithm, has been named PageRank after Larry Page.        WHO has the number calculated by the algorithm, been named PageRank AFTER?
4. In Google off-page factors as well as on-page factors are considered.     WHAT FACTORS are considered in Google? 
5. Webmasters had developed link building tools to influence search engine results.       WHAT TOOLS had ebmasters developed to influence search engine results? 
6. Google Instant, real-time-search, was introduced in late 2009 in an attempt to make search results more timely and relevant.       WHEN was Google Instant, real-time-search, introduced?
7. Site administrators have spent months or even years optimising a website to increase search rankings.       HOW MUCH TIME have site administrators spent optimising a website to increase search rankings?
8. A variety of methods can increase the prominence of a webpage within the search results.         CAN  variety of methods increase the prominence of a webpage within the search results?
9. Cross linking between pages of the same website or blog may improve its visibility.        MAY cross linking between pages of the same website or blog improve its visibility?
10. Updating content keeping search engines crawling back frequently can give additional weight to a site.         CAN updating content keeping search engines crawling back frequently give additional weight to a site?

 Exercise 3  Put verbs in the table below into an appropriate place:

 International markets: 1 – vary;     2 – represented;     3 – remains;     4 – held;     5 – is lagging;     6 – may require;     7 – provides.

 

 

 ViCTE Newsletter   Number 35 – Website: Develop your vocabulary

 Exercise 1  Word formation charts – fill in gaps with a proper form of the word:

Concept noun	Personal noun	Adjective	Verb
access	accessor	accessory / accessible	access
analysis	analyst	analytical	analyse
beginning	beginner	beginning	begin
building	building/builder	building built (built-in, built-up)	build
constructing/construction	constructor	constructed / constructive	construct
informing / information	informer	informed / informative	inform
keeping / keep	keeper	keeping	keep
link / linking / linkage	linker	linked	link
performance / performing	performer	performing	perform
reminder	reminder	remindful	remind
sending	sender	sending	send
subjecting  / subject	subject	subject / subjective	subject

 Exercise 2   Fill in the gaps using words from the table below:

1 – begin,   2 – reminder,   3 – services,   4 – pages,   5 – hyperlinks,   6 – contents,   7 – commercial,   8 – photos,   9 – enterprises,   10 – informational

Exercise 3    Decide which answer (A, B, C, D) best fits each gap:

1 – A (text),  2 – A (specific),   3 – B (tracking),   4 – A (subject),   5 – B (accurate),   6 – D (based), 7 – A (perform)

 Exercise 4   Match the words in Column A to the expressions in Column B

1 – D,   2 – G,   3 – A,   4 – F,   5 – B,   6 – C,   7 – E

 

 ViCTE Newsletter  Number 34 – WWW, Part 2 / November 2011

Exercise 1   In the sentences below use SO or SUCH:

1. Such an approach has been successful so far in two major ways.
2. Adoption of such Semantic Web principles has been somewhat limited.
3. Such sophisticated Web users have built a network of linked data, such a system of linked datasets describing the same people, places, and things.
4. These new technologies are so powerful that let sophisticated users find, share, and process data, as well as find related datasets.
5. Such specifications take different approaches to using tags to embed information about words, numbers, and other elements in web pages.
6. Unfortunately, most of all websites incorporate data, whose specifications are so incompatible that could not be successfully searched by different search engines.
7. The Web is so diverse that creating such a single vocabulary, which addresses all markup needs, has not proven to be practical.
8. We are expecting the Schema.org will have such an impact in the next few months.
9. Due to linked data searching for various content sources that address the same information has become so easy.
10. But the specifications take such different approaches to using tags to embed information about elements in web pages that they do not help much.

Exercise 2   Match proposed synonyms to words in the text:

Paragr.	Synonyms in the text	Proposed synonyms
1	the first time mentioned	coined
2	sophisticated	intelligent
3	appeared	emerged
4	complicated	difficult
5	advance, was launched	progress, was started
6	incorporate, diverse	embody, varied
7	additional	supplementary

 Exercise 3  Make sentences putting the given words into a correct order:

1. Such an approach has been successful so far in two major ways.
2. Adoption of such Semantic Web principles has been somewhat limited.
3. Such sophisticated Web users have built a network of linked data.
4. Most of all websites incorporate data, whose specifications are so incompatible.
5. The Web is so diverse that creating a single vocabulary for all needs is not practical.
6. We are expecting the Schema.org impact will be so positive.
7. The specifications take such different approaches to using tags that they do not help much.

ViCTE Newsletter  Number 33 – WWW, Part 1 / August 2011

Exercise 1   Make sentences putting the given words into a correct order:

1.  A Web browser enables the user to view Web pages.
2. Web pages may contain text, images, and other multimedia.
3. Hyperlinks are used for navigations between web pages.
4. Berners-Lee conceived the Web to be the Semantic Web.
5. Most Web pages include  hyperlinks.
6. The first stepis to resolve of the server-name part of the URL into an IP address.
7.  A  HTTP request is sent to the Web server.

Exercise 2   Choose correct answers to the questions beginning with the words in brackets:

1. Why does the Web have such a massive potential for social exchange?
2. What medium is the Web?
3. What do some search engines also store from Web sites?
4. Where do URIs locate a particular resource?
5. What does a server computer provide the client with?
6. What is the HTML first requested and parsed by?
7. How many documents are on the web mostly in the „invisible web“?