Train Technical English

ViCTE Newsletter Number 19 – Passives VS. Actives / April 2010

 Exercise 1  Transform Actives into Passives

1)      The kernel tasks include managing the systems resources.
          Managing the systems resources is included in the kernel tasks.

2)      The kernel provides the lowest-level abstraction layer for the resources.

          The lowest-level abstraction layer for the resources is provided by the kernel.

 

3)      The abstraction layers make implementation of the system feasible.

         Implementation of the system is made feasible due the abstraction layers.

 

4)      The kernel usually provides features for dispatching processes.

          Features for dispatching processes are usually provided by the kernel.

 

5)      The kernel takes responsibility for resolving which of running programs should be allocated to the processor.

           Responsibility for resolving which of running programs should be allocated to the processor is taken by the kernel.

 

6)      Frequently multiple programs demand more memory than the computer has available.

          More memory than the computer has available are frequently demanded by multiple programs.

 

7)      The kernel allocates requests from applications to perform I/O operations to an appropriate device.

          Requests from applications to perform I/O operations to an appropriate device are allocated by thekernel.

 

8)      Different kernels, depending on their design and implementation, do differently operating system functions.

          Operating system functions are done differently by different kernels, depending on their design and  implementation.

 

9)      Monolithic kernels execute all the operating system code in the same address space.

          All the operating system code is executed by monolithic kernels in the same address space.

 

10)   Microkernels run most of the operating system tasks in user space.

          Most of the operating system tasks are run by microkernels in user space.

 

Exercise 2  Fill in the gaps with Past Participles of verbs in brackets:

Multi-function devices and Device Containers

Afore Windows 7, every device attached to the system was treated as a single functional end-point, which has a set of capabilities and a “status”. This is quite appropriate for single-function devices (such as a keyboard or scanner). But it does not accurately represent multi-function devices such as a combination printer/fax machine/scanner, or web-cams with a built-in microphone. In Windows 7, the drivers and status information for multi-function devices can be grouped together as a single “Device Container”. Then the user manipulates this container in the new “Devices and Printers” Control Panel as a single unit. This capability is provided by a Container ID, which is a Globally Unique Identifier that is unique for every instance of a physical device. The Container ID can be embedded within the device itself by the manufacturer, or created by Windows and associated with each functional end-point, when it is connected to the computer for the first time. In order to ensure the uniqueness of the generated Container ID, Windows attempts to use information unique to the device, such as a Media Access Control address (MAC address) or USB (Universal Serial Bus) serial number.

 

 Exercise 3  Complete the sentences using one of the verbs in Passive from the box below:

 

simplify   implement  make   group   intend    handle

The kernel is intended to manage communication between hardware and software components of a computer system.

 

1. The kernel merely corresponds to the lowest level of abstraction that is implemented in software.

 

1. Several improvements and additions have been made to Windows 7 (and Server 2008 R2) kernel components.

 

1. The designing of all the software is simplified due to the concept of abstraction layers.

 

1. In Windows 7, the drivers and status information for multi-function devices is grouped together as a single “Device Container”.

 

1. In Microsoft Windows operating systems, scheduling of threads inside a process is handled by the kernel.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ViCTE Newsletter Number 18 – Use RULE 1-2-3 for questions / March 2010

 

 

 

Exercise 1  Fill in gaps in the text wit words from the list below:

 

image, function, capture, navigation, comprises, signatures, tablet, drawing, tablets, images interact

 

 

 

Digitizing tablet

 

A digitizing tablet (or graphics tablet, graphics pad or pen pad or digitizer, drawing tablet) is a computer input device that allows you to hand-draw images and graphics. These tablets may also be used to capture data or handwritten signatures.

 

A graphics tablet comprises a flat surface on which the user “draws” an image with attached stylus, a pen-like drawing gadget. The image does not usually appear on the tablet itself but, rather, is displayed on the computer monitor. Some tablets, however function as a secondary computer screen with which you can interact directly using the stylus.

 

Some tablets are intended to replace a mouse as the primary pointing and navigation device for desktop computers.

 

 

 

Exercise 2  Make questions beginning with the words in bold:

 

 

1. What does handwriting recognition enable the computer to do (with input)?

 

1. What is a tablet personal computer  equipped with?

 

1. Why has handwriting recognition not achieved widespread use in either desktop computers or laptops yet?

 

1. What conversion does  off-line handwriting recognition?

 

1. What does off-line handwriting recognition” pertain?

 

1. How can the quality of recognition be substantially increased?

 

1. What does IWR technology matche handwritten or printed words to?

 

 

 

Exercise 3   Match the beginning of the sentence in Column A to its ending in Column B:

 

1 – d,  2 – a,  3 –  e,  4 – c,  5 – b ,  that is

 

	Column A		Column B
1	IWR (Intelligent Word Recognition)	d	recognizes unconstrained handwritten words
2	Off-line handwriting recognition	a	pertain optical character recognition of static handwritten symbols from paper
3	OCR (optical character recognition)	e	converts images of handwritten, typewritten or printed text (usually captured by a scanner) into machine-editable text
4	On-line handwriting recognition	c	refers to recognition of handwriting using a real-time digitizing tablet for input.
5	ICR (Intelligent Character Recognition)	b	advanced optical character recognition

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ViCTE Newsletter Number 17 – Practise Word Order! / February 2010

 

Exercise 1  Make sentences putting the given words into a correct order:

 

 

1. Running applications are denoted by a border frame around the icon

 

1. Taskbar buttons show icons by default.

 

1. The Quick Launch toolbar has been removed from default configuration.

 

1. Applications can now be pinned to the taskbar.

 

1. The user can close any opened window by clicking the “X” on the corresponding thumbnail preview.

 

1. Peeking brings up only the window of the thumbnail preview.

 

1. Individual tabs in the Internet Explorer may be peeked at in the thumbnail previews.

 

1. These menu options are available by right-clicking any of the icons on the taskbar.

 

1. The Windows Media Player jump list, for example, displays recently played tracks.

 

1. A triangle to the left of the visible notification icons displays the hidden notification icons to the user.

 

1. In past versions of Windows the taskbar ended with the notification area on the right side.

 

1. Aero Peek exhibits the same features used by the thumbnail previews.

 

Exercise 2  Complete the sentences below, where Y stands for missing THREE LETTERS in a word:

 

 

1. RuNNIng apPLIcations are denoted by a border frame around the icon.

 

1. Taskbar bUTTons show icons by default.

 

1. Applications can now be pINNed to the taskbar.

 

1. The user can close any opened window by clicking the “X” on the corRESponding thumbnail preview.

 

1. PiNNIng brings up only the window of the thumbnail preview.

 

1. A triangle to the left of the visible notification icons displays the hiDDEn notification icons to the user.

 

 

 

 

 

ViCTE Newsletter  Number 16 – Word Order Again / December 2009  

 

 

 

Exercise 1  Make sentences putting the given words into a correct order:

 

 

1. Lately the number of remotes to control consumer electronic devices extremely increased. 

 

1. Most control remotes for electronic appliances use the infrared diode.  

 

1. The diode emits a beam of light that reaches the electronic appliance.

 

1. New APIs enable users to implement logos for each channel and edit the line-up.

 

1. In the USA an average American home has four remotes nowadays.

 

1. The menus in the Windows Media Center appear to be also more tractable.

 

 

 

Exercise 2  Make questions beginning with the words in bold:

 

 

1. Because of the proliferation of consumer electronic devices universal remote controls are becoming increasingly popular.     Why are universal remote controls becoming increasingly popular?

 

1. In case of a single channel remote the presence of a carrier signal is used to trigger a function.     When is the presence of a carrier signal used to trigger a function?

 

1. Multi-channel remotes demand more sophisticated procedures for realisation of their functions.     What do multi-channel remotes demand more sophisticated procedures for?

 

1. One of such procedures comprises modulating the carrier with signals of different frequency.     What kind of modulating does one of such procedures comprise?

 

1. After demodulation of the received signal, the appropriate frequency filters separate the respective signals.     When do the appropriate frequency filters separate the respective signals?

 

1. The infrared light, which is invisible to the human eye, is picked up by sensors on the receiving device.     What is the infrared light picked up by?

 

 

 

Exercise 3   Match the beginning of the sentence in Column A to its ending in Column B

 

                        1 – b, 2 –d, 3 – a, 4 – c, that is:

 

	Column A		Column B
1	Media Center with an Extender	b	can be accessed at the same time by several users.
2	Windows 7 Media Center	d	comprises all prosperous characteristics of its forerunners and brings new possibilities.
3	The Xbox 360 gaming console	a	is said to be a very popular example of a Media Center Extender.
4	Moreover, all the tuners	c	can be combined per channel to help resolve conflicts and give you control over which tuners are used for which channels.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ViCTE Newsletter Number 15 – SVOMPT (Word Order) / November 2009

 

 

 

Exercise 1  Make sentences putting the given words into a correct order using the text above:

 

 

1. Microsoft has just published their minimum specifications for a system running Windows 7.

 

1. Requirements for the 32-bit version are much the same as recommendations for premium editions of Vista.

 

1. However,   the 64-bit versions have higher requirements than the 32-bit versions.

 

1. The company Microsoft has recently released an upgrade advisor.

 

1. This advisor scans a computer to see if it is compatible with Windows 7.

 

1. Windows Media Center serves as a home-entertainment hub for a living-room TV.

 

Exercise 2  Make questions beginning with the words in bold:

 

 

1. Windows 7 can be used on different kinds of personal computers.           Where can Windows 7 be used?

 

1. Windows Vista introduced a large number of new features.  (write two questions)                          What Windows introduced a large number of new features?      What did Windows Vista introduce?

 

1. The company Microsoft was using a variety of new tracing tools for measuring the performance of the operating system.          What tools was the company Microsoft using for measuring the performance of the operating system?

 

1. A tablet personal computer is equipped with a touch screen instead of a keyboard or a mouse.                   What is a tablet personal computer is equipped with instead of a keyboard or a mouse?

 

1. A graphic tablet/screen hybrid enables to operate the computer with a stylus or a digital pen, or a fingertip.  (write two questions)What enables to operate the computer with a stylus or a digital pen, or a fingertip?                What does a graphic tablet/screen hybrid enable to operate the computer with?  

 

1. A 10-foot Graphical user interface lets users easily read from a display at a distance of 10 feet (approximately 3 m).            What distance does a 10-foot Graphical user interface let users easily read from a display at?

 

 

 

Exercise 3   Match the words in Column A to the expressions in Column B

 

                    1 – d, 2 – c, 3 – a, 4 – b,  that is:

 

	Column A		Column B
1	tablet personal computer	d	a laptop or a slate-shaped mobile computer equipped with a touch screen or a graphic tablet/screen hybrid to operate the computer with a stylus or a digital pen, or a fingertip, instead of a keyboard or a mouse
2	pinning	c	technique used when assembling large or heavy model kits. It involves drilling a hole in two pieces of the model to be joined, and using a “pin” to strengthen the bond when they are glued.
3	Windows Media Center	a	application with a 10-foot user interface designed to serve as a home-entertainment hub for a living-room TV
4	sRGB	b	standard Red Green Blue colour space created cooperatively by Hewlett-Packard and Microsoft for use on monitors, printers, and the Internet.

 

 

 

 

 

ViCTE Newsletter Number 14 – Windows 7 / November 2009

 

  Exercise  Insert articles a, an, the or 0 (no article):

 

 

1. Windows 7 is the latest version of the Microsoft Windows produced for 0 use on 0home and business desktops, laptops, netbooks, or tablet personal computers.

 

1. Windows Vista introduced a large number of 0new features.

 

1. Windows 7 is intended to be a more user focused, incremental upgrade to the Windows line.

 

1. The company was using a variety of 0 new tracing tools to measure theperformance of many areas of the operating system.

 

1. In 0 general terms, a tablet personal computer refers to a laptop or a slate-shaped mobile computer equipped with atouchscreen or a graphic tablet/screen hybrid to operate the computer with a stylus or a digital pen, or afingertip, instead of a keyboard or a mouse.

 

1. Microsoft also plans to support USB 3.0 in a subsequent patch, although 0support would not be included in the initial release.

 

1. Windows 7 supports the mounting of a virtual hard disk (VHD) as anormal data storage.

 

1. The revamped taskbar in Windows 7 also allows the reordering of 0 taskbar buttons.

 

1. Windows Media Center is an application with a 10-foot user interface designed to serve as a home-entertainment hub for a living-room TV.

 

1. A 10-foot user interface is a software GUI (Graphical User Interface) designed for displaying on a large television.

 

1. “10 foot” refers to the fact that the GUI elements – i.e. menus, buttons, text fonts, etc., are theoretically large enough to easily read at a distance of 10 feet (approximately 3 m ) from the display.

 

1. sRGB is a standard Red Green Blue colour space created cooperatively by Hewlett-Packard and Microsoft for use on 0 monitors, printers, and the Internet.

 

1. Pinning is a technique used when assembling 0 large or heavy model kits. It involves drilling ahole in two pieces of themodel to be joined, and using a “pin” to strengthen the bond when they are glued. Pinning is a useful technique for reinforcing joints. It is essential when making 0 models from 0 parts that were not designed to go together.

 

 

 

 

 

 

ViCTE Newsletter Number 13 – Gene Engineering / October 2009

 

Exercise 1Make sentences putting the given words into a correct order using the text above:

 

 

1. The term “genetic engineering” was coined in the novel Dragon’s Island, published in 1951.

 

1. Two years later DNA was indicated to be able to transmit genetic information.

 

1. Genetic engineeringconcernsthe direct manipulation of an organism gene.

 

1. Gene therapy helps to treat people with genetic disorders.

 

1. In this case a new gene is put in after the person has grown up and become ill.

 

Exercise 2 Use the word in capitals given in brackets at the end of each sentence to form a related word that fits in the space in the same sentence:

 

 

1. Genetic engineering uses the techniques of molecular cloning to alter the structure and characteristics of genes. [ENGINE]

 

1. For example, crop plants can be given a gene from an Arctic fish, so they produce an antifreeze protein in their leaves. [GENETICS]

 

1. The antifreeze protein helps to prevent frost damage. [PREVENTIVE]

 

1. Other genes, which can be put into crops, include a natural insecticide. [INCLUSION]

 

1. Genetic engineering techniques have found some successes in numerousapplications. [APPLY]   

 

Exercise 3   Make Insert articles a (an), the or 0 (no article):

 

 

1. The term “genetic engineering” was coined in the novel Dragon’s Island, published in 1951.

 

1. Two years later DNA was indicated to be able to transmit 0 genetic information.

 

1. Genetic engineeringconcernsthe 0 direct manipulation of an organism gene.

 

1. Gene therapy helps to treat 0 people with 0 genetic disorders.

 

1. In this case a new gene is put in after the person has grown up and become 0 ill.

 

 

 

 

ViCTE Newsletter Number 11 – W3C / September 2009

 

Exercise 1Find in the text above synonyms for the following words:

History dissimilarity inconsistency consonance compatibility attaining reaching establishment creation Recommendations and Standards release discharge appear

emerge

advent

arrival

Administration

grow broaden aid encourage

Membership

magnetize attract reign govern push promote include comprise      

 

 

 

ViCTE Newsletter  Number 10 – Hypertext / August 2009

 

Exercise 1Make sentences putting the given words into a correct order:

 

 

1.  HTML document is a text in a form readable by a web browser.

 

1. The reader may navigate from one passage to another by clicking on hyperlinks.

 

1. HTML provides a means to describe the structure of text-based information in a document.

 

1. With dynamic HTML, you can hide images in the document until the user interacts with the page.

 

1. Work in this direction was discontinued due to lack of browser support.

 

Exercise 2Fill in the gaps with proper prepositions:

 

 

1. HTTP is a request/response protocol between clients and servers.

 

1. HTML document is a text in a form readable by a web browser.

 

1. XML is purposed for sharing data across different information systems, particularly via the Internet.

 

1. The reader may navigate from one passage to another by clicking on hyperlinks.

 

1. HTTP is a request/response protocol between clients and servers.

 

1. HTML provides a means to describe the structure of text-based information in a document.

 

1. The Consortium is headed by Sir Tim Berners-Lee, the primary author of the original WWW.

 

1. With dynamic HTML, you can hide images in the document until the user interacts with the page.

 

1. Static web pages consist of files of text stored within the web server file system.

 

1.  Work in this direction was discontinued due to lack of browser support.

 

  

 

ViCTE Newsletter Number 9 – Web Browsers /August 2009

 

  Exercise 1

 

 Make sentences putting the given words into a correct order using the text above:

 

 

1. Web browsers communicate with web servers primarily using HTTP.

 

1. Most browsers natively support a variety of image formats in addition to HTML.

 

1. Both Microsoft and Netscape vastly incorporated proprietary extensions to HTML in their products.

 

1. Web browsers which support additional protocols like IRC or POP are often called Internet suites.

 

1. The Mozilla project had evolved into a relatively stable and powerful Internet suite by 2002.

 

Exercise 2 Use the word in capitals given in brackets at the end of each line to form a related word that fits in the space in the same line:

 

 

1. The web browser enables a user to display and interact with information located on the WWW [LOCATION]

 

1. HTTP allows web browsers to submit information to web servers as well as fetch web pages from them. [ALLOWANCE]

 

1. Pages are located by means of a URL, which is treated as an address, beginning with http: for HTTP access. [TREATMENT]

 

1. Mozilla and itsderivatives now account for approximately 12% of web traffic. [DERIVE]

 

1. Opera is an innovative, speedy browser popular in handheld devices, particularly mobile phones [SPEED]

 

  

 

ViCTE Newsletter   Number 8 – Internet structure  (Part 2) / July 2009

 

Exercise 1 Use the word in capitals given in brackets at the end of each line to form a related word that fits in the space in the same line:

 

 

1. A globally unified namespace means a system of names in which there is one and only one holder of each name. [UNIFY]

 

1. A globally unified namespace is essentialfor the Internet to function. [ESSENCE]

 

1. A combination of limits in the DNS and IP protocols resulted in a limited number of root server addresses. [RESULTING

 

1. Root server addresses can be accommodated in DNS name query responses. [ACCOMMODATION]

 

1. The Internet can now be accessed virtually anywhere by numerous means. [VIRTUAL]

 

 Exercise 2 Find in the text above synonyms for the following words:

assure ensure to work to function allotment assignment set determined vital essential be provided be accommodated superintend supervise presently currently lead to result in many numerous

   

 

ViCTE Newsletter Number 7 – Internet structure (Part 1) / June 2009

 

Exercise 1 Find in the text above synonyms for the following words:

different distinct attain reach allocate assign radically extremely partaking participating shows exhibits Due to Owing to produce create depicted described enlarged extended

Exercise 2 Use the word in capitals given in brackets at the end of each line to form a related word that fits in the space in the same line:

 

 

1. The relationships between Internet networks are generally described by three categories. [GENERALIZE]

 

1. Transit means you pay money to another network for the Internet access. [PAYABLE]

 

1. Peer means two networks exchange traffic between each other’s customers freely. [FREE]

 

1. The Internet is basedon the principle of global reach ability. [BASIC]

 

1. Data transfer rates and physical characteristics of connections on the Internet vary widely. [CONNECT]

 

  

 

ViCTE Newsletter  Number 6 – WWW History (Part2) / June 2009

 

Exercise 1 Fill in gaps in the text with words from the table below:

 

  

built captivated heads collaborator pitched

 

 

 

1. Berners-Lee found an enthusiastic collaborator in Robert Cailliau.

 

1. They pitchedtheir ideas to the European Conference on Hypertext Technology in September 1990.

 

1. By Christmas 1990 Berners-Lee had built all the tools necessary for working the Web.

 

1. In May 1991 Paul Kunz visited CERN and was captivatedby the Web.

 

1. Berners-Lee now heads the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C).

 

Exercise 2 Use the word in capitals given in brackets at the end of each line to form a related word that fits in the space in the same line:

 

 

1. The first Web pages described the Web project itself. [DESCRIPTION]

 

1. In May 1991 Paul Kunz brought the CERN software to the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) in the USA. [BRING]

 

1. In SLAC the CERN software was adapted for the VM/CMS operating system on the IBM mainframe. [OPERATE]

 

1. August 1991 marked the debut of the Web as a publicly available service on the Internet. [SERVE]

 

1. W3C enable computers on the Web to effectively communicate and store different forms of information. [EFFECT]

 

    

 

ViCTE NewsletterNumber 5 – WWW History (Part1) / May 2009

 

Exercise 1 Fill in gaps in the text below with words from the table:

mistakenly over linked software hyperlinks

 

 

 

1. The World Wide Web is a system of hypertext documents running over the Internet.

 

1. The Web browser ensures navigation between the Web pages using hyperlinks.

 

1. The term Web is often mistakenly used as a synonym for the Internet itself.

 

1. Each new page of information in ENQUIRE had to be linked to an existing page.

 

1. ENQUIRE was a personal database of people and software models at CERN.Exercise 2 Use the word in capitals given in brackets at the end of each line to form a related word that fits in the space in the same line

 

Exercise 2 Use the word in capitals given in brackets at the end of each line to form a related word that fits in the space in the same line

 

 

1. The Web was created around 1990 by T. Berners-Lee and R. Cailliau working at CERN in Geneva, Switzerland. [WORK]

 

1. The Web is a service that operates over the Internet. [OPERATION]

 

1. The history of the Internet dates back significantly further than that of the Web. [SIGNIFY]

 

1. Berners-Lee considered problems of informationsharing among high-energy physicists from around the world. [INFORMING]

 

1. Berners-Lee began implementing his system on a newly acquired NeXT workstation. [ACQUISITION]

 

  

 

ViCTE NewsletterNumber 3 / March 2009 Web 2 Characteristics

 

Exercise 1 Fill in gaps in the text with words from the table below:

technologicalinteractive developmentallowupdate

 

1 The term “Web 2.0″ concerns the second generation of web developmentand design.

 

2 Web 2.0suggests a new version of WWW, which does not contain any update to any technical specifications.

 

3 Many of the technological components of Web 2.0 have existed since the early days of the Web.

 

4 Nonetheless, Web 2.0 websites allow users to do more than just retrieve information.

 

5 The users can build their applications on the interactivefacilities of Web 1.0.

 

Exercise 2 Use the word in capitals given in brackets at the end of each line to form a related word that fits in the space in the same line:

 

1 Web 2.0 allows the users to run software applications entirely through a browser. [apply]

 

2 Architecture of participation encourages users to add value to the application as they use it. [participate]

 

3 The architecture of participation helps users to create network effectively. [effective]

 

4 Web 2.0 technologies tend to foster innovation in the assembly of systems and sites. [innovate]

 

5 Web 2.0 systems and sites are composed by pulling together features from distributed developers. [development]

 

Exercise 3 Make questions beginning with the words in bold:

 

1 Only limited number of visitors may view traditional websites.

 

 Who may view traditional websites?

 

2 The content of traditional websites can be modified only by the site’s owner.

 

 Who can the content of traditional websites be modified by?

 

3 Web 2.0 sites offer a rich, user-friendly interfaceand client-side interactivity frameworks.

 

 What offer a rich, user-friendly interfaceand client-side interactivity frameworks? OR

 

 What doWeb 2.0 sites offer?

 

4 Openness, freedom and collective intelligence can also be viewed as essential.

 

 What else can also be viewed as essential attributes of Web 2.0?

 

5 Web 2.0 assumes changes in the ways software developers and end-users utilize the Web.

 

 What changes does Web 2.0 assume?

 

  

 

ViCTE NewsletterNumber 2 / March 2009 Robots and Artificial Intelligence

 

Exercise 1 Fill in gaps in the text with words from the table below:

 

 

limited consensus agrees would probably

 

 

 

1 Artificial Intelligence is probably the most exciting field in robotics.

 

2 Everybody agrees that a robot can work in an assembly line.

 

3 Nevertheless, there’s no consensus on whether a robot can ever be intelligent.

 

4 Ultimate Artificial Intelligence would imitate the human thought process.

 

5 Roboticists have made a lot of progress with more limited Artificial Intelligence.

 

 

 

Exercise 2 Use the word in capitals given in brackets at the end of each line to form a related word that fits in the space in the same line

 

1 The basic idea of AI problem-solving is very simple, though its execution is complicated. [EXECUTE]

 

2 The computer doesn’t have any generalized analytical ability. [analysis]

 

3 The human thought process would include the ability to learn just about anything. [THINK]

 

4 Today’s AI machines can imitate some specific elements of intelligent abilities. [Intelligence]

 

5 The computer compares the information to stored data and decides what the information signifies. [DECISION]

 

 

 

Exercise 3Make questionsbeginning with the words in bold:

 

1 First, the AI robot (its computer) gathers facts about a situation through sensors or human input.

 

What facts does the AI robot (its computer) gather first?

 

2 The human thought process would include the ability to reason.

 

What ability would the human thought process include?

 

3 Learning robots recognize if a certain action (moving its legs in a certain way, e.g.) achieved a desired result

 

 What do learning robots recognize?

 

4 In Japan, roboticists have taught a robot to dance by demonstrating the moves themselves. How have roboticists in Japan taught a robot to dance?

 

Where have roboticists taught a robot to dance by demonstrating the moves themselves?

 

5 Robots will influence our daily life in the same way as computers did it in the 1980s.

 

 How will robots influence our daily life?

 

 

 

 

 

ViCTE Newsletter Number 1 / February 2009Robot Basics

 

Exercise 1 Fill in gaps in the text with words from the table below:

movable compressed set overwhelming powered

 

 

 

1 The overwhelming majority of robots have several common features.

 

2 Almost all robots have a movable body.

 

3 These jointed segments are set in motion by actuators.

 

4 Most robots are powered by a battery.

 

5 Pneumatic robots need an air compressor or compressed air tanks.

 

Exercise 2Put words into right word order:

 

1 Robots have a physical body controlled by the computer.

 

2 The actuators are all wired to an electrical circuit.

 

3 Not all robots have sensory systems.

 

4 The most of robots have ability to monitor their own motion.

 

5 The circuit powers electrical motors directly.

 

Exercise 3 Make questions

 

1 Some robots have dozens of movable segments.

 

 How many movable segments do some robots have?

 

2 The individual segments are connected together with joints.

 

 How are the individual segments connected together?

 

3 Hydraulic robots need a pump to pressurize the hydraulic fluid.

 

 What do hydraulic robots need a pump for?

 

4 The circuit powers the hydraulic or pneumatic system by manipulating electrical valves.

 

 How does the circuit power the hydraulic or pneumatic system?

 

5 What ability do only few of robots have?